Biocidal treatment of water using 2,4,5-trichloroaniline derivatives

ABSTRACT

DERIVATIVES OF 2,4,5-TICHLOROANILINE HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA:   1-(R-NH-),2,4,5-TRI(CL-)BENZENE   WHEREIN R IS THE RESIDUE OF AN ALIPHATIC, ALICYCLIC, AROMATIC OR ARYLALIPHATIC COMPOUND. THESE DERIVATIVES POSSESS MARKED ANTIMICAROBIAL POWER.

United States Patent ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Derivatives of 2,4,5-trichloroaniline having the general formula:

wherein R is the residue of an aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or arylaliphatic compound. These derivatives possess marked antimicrobial power.

This is a division of co-pending application Ser. No. 875,499 filed Nov. 10, 1969 now abandoned and relates to new compositions of matter, comprising certain derivatives of 2,4,5-trich1oroaniline having the general formula:

wherein R is the residue of an an hatic, alicyclic, aromatic or arylaliphatic compound, the said derivatives possessing marked anti-microbial power, and to a process for manufacturing them, as well as to their application to various substrates for the purpose of suppressing the growth of microorganisms.

Thus, the products may be used for the treatment of water, both when used as a coolant, as in cooling towers, aid-conditioners, humidifiers and dehumidifiers, and the like; and when used as process water, for example, in paper making and the like, to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms therein. They may also be used for the preservation of metal-working fluids by preventing microbial action which causes putrefaction, phase separation and the like, as well as dermatitis resulting from the handling of contaminated fluids. They may also be used as preservatives for cosmetics to prevent discoloration, phase separation and breaking of emulsions and putrefaction, and also to prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms therein.

The products of the invention may be prepared by the interaction of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene with amines to form substituted 2,4,5-trich1oroanilines. The products so obtained may in some cases be used in the crude form. However, it is usually preferable to recover them substantially pure by means of distillation under reduced pressure.

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it except as claimed.

EXAMPLE 1 432 grams or two mols of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene and 825 grams, or about eight mols, of dimethylaminopropylamine were charged along with 7 grams of cuprous chloride into a pressure vessel. The mixture was heated under agitation at 190-200 C. and a pressure of about p.s.i. gauge for a period of about 16 hours. Temperatures appreciably higher than 200 C. tend to cause some decomposition with the evolution of ammonia.

The reaction mass was cooled to about C. and discharged. At about 50 C. the greater part of the unreacted tetrachlorobenzene was removed by filtration.

The filtrate was transferred to a distillation flask fitted with an air condenser, and excess unreacted amine was distilled off at a pot temperature up to 100 C. at 20 mm. pressure. The distillation was continued; at C. and 5 mm. pressure, tetrachlorobenzene began to distill off and crystallize in the still head, whence it was driven by heating, and collected in a receiving flask.

The residue was cooled and drowned in water and aqueous caustic soda was added to pH 12. The oil that separated was extracted with methylene chloride and washed twice with water. The extract was transferred to a distilling flask and heated under reduced pressure, removing water and methylene chloride and then tetrachlorobezene. The product, 3-(2,4,5-trichloroanilino)-l,l-di-methylaminopropane distilled over as a colorless liquid and yielded 50% of the theoretical amount. It had a boiling point of -185 C. at 2 mm. pressure.

By obtaining an average of 1) direct potentiometric titration (first break) and (2) indicator titration in nonaqueous medium with standard acid, it assayed 99.3%.

EXAMPLE 2 In a manner similar to and in the pressure vessel of Example 1, 432 grams of two mols of l,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was reacted with 600 grams or about ten mols of ethylene diamine in the presence of 7 grams of cuprous chloride, at 180-190" C. for a period of six hours at 90 p.s.i. gauge pressure.

After cooling, most of the unreacted tetrachlorobenzene was filtered oif. The filtrate was transferred to a distilling flask, and more than half of the residual ethylene diamine was distilled otf. The residue was drowned in water and treated with aqueous caustic soda until it had a pH of about 12. A brown oil separated as crude trichloroanilinoethylamine.

For a purer product, the oil was distilled in vacuo at -205 C. and 2-3 mm. pressure as a yellow oil, after first topping the charge to remove amine and tetrachlorobenzene. The product yielded 258 grams or about 55% of theory. On standing it set to a white solid, as 2,4,5-trich1oroanilinoethylamine, melting at 9395 C. Equivalent weight by titration was 240 (239.5 theory) and it analyzed 45.6% C1 and 11.0% N (theory being 44.5% and 11.7% respectively).

EXAMPLE 3 Using the methods of Examples 1 and 2, the compound 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene was reacted with the following amino compounds: hexylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, octadecenylamine, dicthylene triamine, triethylene tetrarnine, tetraethylene pentamine, hexamethylene diamine, 1, 3-diaminopropane, hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, piperazine, amino ethyl piperazine, morpholine, N-methyl benzylamine, ethylbenzylamine, 2,4-dichlorobenzylamine, N-methyl-3,4-dichlorobenzylamine, N-methyl 2,4,S-trichlorobenzylamine, and aniline. Reaction with aniline, however, was very slow and with evidence of decomposition.

In general, any amino compound may be employed, having at least one primary or secondary amino group,

and regardless of the isomeric position of the Halo substituent if present. i

EXAMPLE 4 The products of the above amino derivatives of 2,4,5- trichloroaniline were subjected to microbiological testing according to the following methods:

For antimicrobial evaluation of certain of the above compounds, the Standard Broth Inhibition test method was employed. Aliquots of the test materials were added to appropriate broth culture media contained in test tubes so that various concentrations of the test material in culture media were obtained. The tubes so prepared were inoculated with either 24-hour broth cultures of the test bacteria, or 14-day aqueous spore suspensions of the test fungi, or 7-day broth cultures of the algae. The inoculated tubes were incubated as follows: bacteria for 72 hours at 37 C.; fungi for 14 days at 28 C.; algae for 7 days at 25 C. Following the aforementioned incubation period, the tubes were examined for the presence or absence of macroscopic growth. The lowest concentration of test material in the broth which does not permit macroscopic growth is designated as the Minimum Inhibitory Level.

In the following tables, these abbreviations of the designations of the organisms are employed: S. a.=Staphylococcus aureus; E. c.=Esoherichia coll; S. f.=Streptococcus faecalis; Ps. a.=Pseudomonas aeruginosa; A. n.Aspergillus niger; P. e.=Penicilium expansum; C. p.=ChIorella pyrenoiaosa.

The products may be effectively used to control the proliferation of microorganisms in both recirculated water and in process water.

EXAMPLE 0.5% by weight of trichloroaniline derivatives was dissolved in a medium of acetone and water. A stock soap solution was first prepared in concentration. Ten parts of this, 62.5 parts of acetone, 27 parts of distilled water and 0.5 part of the product were mixed.

0.5% solutions of the same were prepared, but substituting 10 parts of distilled water for the soap solution, as a control.

The bacteriostatic levels were determined on the soap and no soap solutions, and are given in the following table in terms of parts per million of product, and of growth/no growth.

TABLE 2 Soap No soap Product of S. a. E. c. S. a. E. 0.

Example 1 10/25 10/15 10/25 10/25 EXAMPLE6 Sterile soap solution was prepared at 2.5% soap solids;

trichloroanilino derivative was added to aliquots of this at 0.1% by weight, or 1,000 parts per million in the solution, and at a soap to product ratio of 25: 1. For purpose of comparison, Phisohex; (a proprietary product of Winthrop Laboratories, division of Sterling Drug, Inc.) containing surface-active agents and 3% of 2,2'-m'ethylene-bis(3,4,6 trichlorophenyl) was diluted 'withdistilled water, also at the 1,000 p.p.m. level of bacteriostatic agent. I

ml. aliquots of the respective solutions were transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks maintained at 25 C. and were inoculated with 1 ml. of an aqueous suspension of a "24- hour agar growth of, respectively, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

At intervals of three and five minutes after inoculation, aliquots of each of the solutions were plated into nutrient agar to determine the number of surviving bacteria. The number of survivors after five minutes was compared with the number initially present, from which figures the percent of organisms killed was computed. The following percentages are the average of replicate counts.

TABLE 3 Percent of organisms killed in 5 minutes I 1 Product S. aureus E. coli- Phisohex 98.0325 94.3325 Example 1 97.4950 97.0642

EXAMPLE 7 proportions of between about 20/1 and 100/1 of the soap or detergent relative to the aniline compound.

EXAMPLE The 3-(2,4,5-trich1oroanilino)-1,1-dimethylamino propane of Example 1 was added at levels of 1.0% and 0.5% by weight, respectively, to Antara LM 500 (a Mathnolamine salt of a complex organic phosphate'ester produced by General Aniline and Film Corp.) and to Mahogany Sulfonate (a petroleum sulfonate produced by Humble Oil and Refining 00.), both being examples of metal-working fluids.

These were then diluted, 'one part of lubricant to 24 parts of water; the preservative was therefore present at the 200 p.p.m. and 400 p.p.m. levels in the diluted fluid. In each case, a blank was prepared in the same manner, but without the preservative compound. l

A series of 24-hour broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacil-. lus species, Proteus species and Aerobacter aeroge'n'es were pooled, diluted with sterile broth and inoculated into 100 ml. volumes ofthe above samples, each contained in a sterile, wide-mouth 4-ounce flan-to provide from 1 to 10 10 bacteria cells per ml. of prepared fluidf At weekly intervals, up to five weeks afterthe-original inoculation, the samples were examined to determine the viable organisms present. At the fiveweek point, each jar was reinoculated with ,the culture asinitially andthej testing was continued for a total period of nine weeks.

The counts are given in the following table, in which phosphate represents the Antara LM 500 and sulfonate represents the mahogany-sulfonate}? Y The counts are to be multiplied by 10 TABLE 4 3-(2,4,5-trlcl1loroanillno)-1,1-dlmethylamlnopropane Weeks Agent,

Fluid comp'n ppm. 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 Phosphate 0 4,200 23,000 18,300 14,200 12,600 11,800 10,000 6,300 Do 200 4, 2 900 320 470 360 281 730 440 0 4, 0 22,000 16,500 12,900 13,100 12,800 13,400 9,600 400 4,200 1,000 0.20 0.194 4.20 3.00 860 460 0 3,700 5,800 2,080 1,760 1,570 1,630 1,800 200 3, 700 960 278 300 360 270 209 The term metal-working fluids, as used herein, are those discussed in Metalworking Lubricants, E. L. H. Bastian, McGraw-Hill Co., 1951, pp. 5-56. The present compounds have biocidal utility when intermixed in biocidally effective amounts with fluids such as disclosed in this publication.

The products of this invention are also efiective preservatives against microbial growth and action in cosmetic preparations such as creams, lotions, shampoos, and the like, when present therein in a proportion of about 0.25 to 2% by weight of the composition.

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of biocidally treating industrial cooling water and process water which comprises admixing said water with a microbiocidally eflective amount of a compound having the structure:

wherein R is the residue of a member of the group consisting of aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and arylaliphatic amino compounds having at least one primary or secondary amino group.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 3-(2,4,5-trichloroanilino) 1,1 dimethylaminopropane; 2,4,5-trichloroanilinoethylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl hexylamine; N- 2,4,5-trichloropheny1 octylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl nonylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl decylamine; N-2,4, S-trichlorophenyl dodecylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl tetradecylamine; N-2 ,4 ,5-trichlorophenyl hexadecylamine;

N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl octadecylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl octadecenylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl diethylenetriamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl triethylenetetramine; N-2,4,5-trichloropheny1 tetraethylenepentamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl hexamethylenediarnine; N-2,4,5- trichlorophenyl 1,3 diaminopropane; N-2,4,5-trichlor0- phenyl N-hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethanolamine; N-2,4,5-trichloropheny1 diethanolamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl cyclohexylamine; N- 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl piperazine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl N'-aminoeth'yl piperazine; N-2,4,5-trichl0ropheny1 morpholine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl N-methyl-benzylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl ethylbenzyl amine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl 2,4'-dichlorobenzylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl N-methyl-3',4'-dichlorobenzylamine; N-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl N-methyl-2,4',5'-trichlorobenzylamine; N- 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl aniline.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the compound is either 3-(2,4,5 trichloroanilino)-1,l-dimethylaminopropane or 2,4,S-trichloroanilinoethylamine.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,009,940 9/ 1961 Raasch 210-62 X 3,646,199 2/ 1972 Schellenbaum et a1. 210-64 X 3,258,422 6/1966 Ferry 210--64 SAMIH N. ZAHARNA, Primary Examiner T. G. WYSE, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

